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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has vowed to build a “self-reliant India” and announced tax and regulatory reforms to benefit businesspeople and the middle class in his first major speech since the US imposed 50 per cent tariffs on the country.
在美国对印度加征50%关税后，印度首相(Prime Minister)纳伦德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)在其首次重要讲话中誓言打造“自力更生的印度”，并宣布推出有利于商界人士和中产阶层的税收与监管改革。
Modi did not make direct reference to the falling out with the US, but his speech on Friday at Delhi’s Red Fort to mark the country’s 78th anniversary of independence from Britain was heavy on nationalist rhetoric as he pledged to insulate the economy against its reliance on imports ranging from microchips to engines for fighter jets.
莫迪并未直接提及与美国政府的不和，但他周五在德里红堡发表的纪念印度脱离英国统治获得独立78周年的讲话充满民族主义色彩。他誓言要让经济摆脱对进口的依赖，从微芯片到战斗机发动机都要实现自给自足。
“I want to tell our citizens, our youth, and everyone who understands the power of technology, that by the end of this year, ‘Made in India’ semiconductor chips will be available in the market,” said Modi, who was clad in an orange turban and a scarf in the national colours of orange, white and green.
莫迪头戴橙色头巾、围着橙白绿色围巾——这是印度国旗的三种颜色，他表示：“我想告诉我们的公民、我们的青年，以及所有理解科技力量的人，今年年底前，‘印度制造’半导体芯片将投放市场。”
Modi also announced that India would reform its goods and services tax by October and introduce “next-generation GST reforms”, a move that would benefit middle-class taxpayers, a vital constituency for the 74-year-old leader’s ruling Bharatiya Janata party.
莫迪还宣布，印度将在10月前改革商品和服务税，并推出“下一代GST改革”。此举将惠及中产阶级纳税人——这一群体是这位74岁领导人所在的执政党印度人民党的关键基本盘。
US President Donald Trump’s administration hit India with a 25 per cent tariff from July 1, then last week doubled the amount to 50 per cent by adding a “secondary” 25 per cent tariff for its purchases of Russian oil, which Washington argues is helping fuel Moscow’s war in Ukraine.
美国总统唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)政府自7月1日起对印度征收25%关税，并于上周以印度采购俄罗斯石油为由，再加征“第二项”25%关税，将总关税税率提高到50%。华盛顿称，这些采购正在助长俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争。
Ahead of Modi’s speech, officials had privately played down the notion that the prime minister would address the stand-off with the US directly.
在莫迪发表讲话之前，官员们私下里淡化了总理会直接谈及与美国对峙的可能性。
Modi made an oblique reference to the impasse that led to a breakdown in trade talks with the US, however, touching on India’s hard line protecting its agricultural markets from US competition.
不过，莫迪含蓄提到了导致与美国贸易谈判破裂的僵局，同时也触及印度为保护其农业市场免受来自美国产品的竞争而采取的强硬立场。
“Modi will stand like a wall against any policy that threatens their interests. India will never compromise when it comes to protecting the interests of our farmers,” he said.
他说：“莫迪会像一道墙一样抵御任何威胁他们利益的政策。为了保护我们农民的利益，印度永不妥协。”
The rift between India and the US, its largest trading partner, has plunged their expanding strategic partnership into its worst crisis in decades, and has stunned many Indians, rekindling distrust of the US and the west in a country that has a long-standing friendship with Russia.
印度与其最大贸易伙伴美国之间的裂痕，已将两国不断扩大的战略伙伴关系推入数十年来最严重的危机，并令许多印度人震惊；在这个与俄罗斯长期交好的国家，此事也重新点燃了对美国和西方的不信任。
“The Americans are making it very hard for India with their public pressure campaign,” said C Raja Mohan, a visiting professor at the Institute of South Asian Studies in Singapore. “As the leader of a very large nation, Prime Minister Modi cannot be seen as succumbing to those pressures.”
“美国人通过公开施压，让印度处境十分艰难，”新加坡南亚研究院访问教授C•拉贾•莫汉(C Raja Mohan)表示。“作为一个幅员辽阔国家的领导人，莫迪不能被视为屈从于这些压力。”
At the same time, he said, “Modi is telling his system to negotiate with the US in a pragmatic manner and find a solution.”
同时，他表示：“莫迪正指示其体系以务实方式同美国展开谈判并寻求解决方案。”
On Thursday, commerce secretary Sunil Barthwal told reporters that India remained “fully engaged with the US in trade negotiations”.
周四，商务秘书苏尼尔•巴尔特瓦尔(Sunil Barthwal)向媒体表示，印度仍“全力参与与美国的贸易谈判”。
Atmanirbhar Bharat, or “self-reliant India”, has been a catchphrase for Modi for years as the country seeks to make itself less dependent on imports of manufactured goods such as semiconductors, advanced batteries, fertiliser and energy.
多年来，随着印度致力于减少对半导体、先进电池、化肥和能源等制成品进口的依赖，“自力更生的印度”(Atmanirbhar Bharat)一直是莫迪的口号。
A government “Make in India” push to promote manufacturing has brought some successes, including Apple’s decision to move a chunk of its iPhone supply chain into India, but overall progress has been slow because of what investors and economists say is entrenched red tape.
印度政府推动“印度制造”以促进制造业，已取得一些成果，包括苹果公司决定将部分 iPhone供应链转移至印度；但总体进展缓慢，投资者和经济学家称其原因在于根深蒂固的繁文缛节。
Modi on Friday announced the creation of a dedicated “task force for next generation reforms” to be charged with cutting compliance costs for companies and entrepreneurs, reducing the scope for arbitrary legal actions, and streamlining laws to improve the ease of doing business.
莫迪于周五宣布成立一支专门的“下一代改革工作组”，负责为企业和创业者降低合规成本、减少随意法律行动的空间，并精简法律以提升营商便利度。